Combustion-engine.



PA'TENTBD DEC. 11, w06.

C. WBIDMN. COMBUSTON ENGSNE.

APPLoATIo maan MAY so, 5904.

2 EHEETS-SHEBT l.

hw? I l fill ven 20 i/mz: mwa;

PATENTED DEC. 11, 1905.

GOMBUSTXON ENGINE.

PPLGATION FILED MAY zo, 1904.

summa-Smm z.

.exact CARL WIDMANN. OF GREVENBERG, Gfliiiiti.

CDMBUSTlONENGHNE Specification of Letters Patent.

atenteci. Dec. ifi., it,

Application led- May 20, 1904. Serial No. 208835.

Be 1t known that l, CARL WEIDMANN, en-

,igineer'and assistant in the Royal Polytechnicum at Aix-la-Chapelle, asubject of the Kin of Prussia, German E1n eror, residing at (rrevenberg,near AiX-la-C lapelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Empire of Germany,have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Combustion-Engines;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My present invention relates to combus- .the `eomlnistibles must becompressed in a separate pump, the cooling ol" the conibustibles withinthc Working,r cylinder itseli cannot be done thoroughly enough, as 1nsaid lcylinder. they cannot be suliicicntly influenced by the coolingmedium.

It well known that in combustion-engines wherein the compression oi' thecombustibles, as well as thecmnpression of the air, takes placeseparately great diiiiculties are encountered in transferring thecompressed combustibles to the working cylinder' after compression hastaken place, as practically it is impossible to always create within thecoinpression-chamber of the pump the pressure required tor the correctoverflow. i'.

ln the combnstion-enginc described below the air is coin pressed in theworking cylinder, whereas the combustibles are compressed in a separatepuiiii' ,witli,` `tlte -especial View that the air and the combustiblesshow approximatelyr the same 'pressurmv lesidos this a very intensivecompression ,canV be obtained by arranging;u an '..exceptinnally wellcooled chamber, destincdfffoifthe :reception of the coinlnistibles, in asimilar manner-as in rocciVer-engincs, thus btaining not only ahighcompression,,but alsol excluding the possibility oif a prematureignition taking place.

"lln's engine further o'ilors the means tor `View on the line 3 3 ciFig. i.

obtaining an conipulsorily-regulated cornbue-lr tion-Ji. e., lthecombustion of the combustibles depends entirely on compulsorily-actu-Iated parts oi the engine, whereas in explosive-engines the combustion ofthe whole of'v the co1nln1st1b-les1s left to its ovm devices after.'

they have been` brought to ignition, which in such engines takes placeat one point. Un account of the equal pressures ci the and thecombustibles obtained by the aid or". this Inode ci regulation thecomliustibles necessary for the combustion need not be pressenl7 intothe working cylinder against the pressure existing in the latter, butsimplyneed to be. pushed from one compression-chamber to another-fi.from the che,

In the accompanying drawings, li ure t is a vertical longitudinalsectional View of. the combustion-engine, and Fig. 2 is an end. yiew ofthe saine. Fig, 3 is a cross-sectional liig. -t a similar vien/on theline il ci Fig. 5 is another cross-sectional View on the line 5 of Fig.l. Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are diagrams showing the relative positions ofthe cranks and the cam .employed for operating the several pistons at'the different stages of the work. I y Y The crank-shaft l is suitablyjournaled in a well-known manner in the vbase 2 of thecoinbristicii-engine, upon which the ira-me 3 thereof is secured. Thisfraine contains the Working cylinder 4: and the ump-cylinder 5.`lNill1in the cylinder Li p the piston connected with the crank 7 of thethe connecting-rod l2, whose upper enel is A y A r. containingthecombustibles to the coin;` astice-chamber. win vb"transfer can' the samepressure connected with the iistoni 0 by means of the pin lb, seated insaid piston i0. il is about twenty to thirty degrees in advance of thecrank i".

To the left ot the base 2 e helical Wheel i4 is sealed upon thecrank-shaft i and meshes with a similar wheei l5, keyed tp theviTc-rtical .shall 1o, which is held to the hase of the engine and tothe working cylinder i by ineens The cranh i vofthe brackets l? and 18,respectively.

Above the bracket 18 another helical wheel 19 is keyed to the shalt t6and meshes with a similar wheel 2t), seatedupon a cani-shaft 2], running)arallel to the crank-shalt l :ind making the saine nuinbei` ollrevolutions per minute as' the crank-shaft l. 'llie canishal't 21 isjournaled iii the brackets .22 and 215, of Whiehthe former is secured tothe cylinder 4 and the latter to the cylinder (See Figs. and 4.)

When the piston G has nearly finished its' downstroke,.it uncovers theexhaust-ports 24, through which the residue of the prod ucts ofcon'ibuston ol the previous combustion` can escupe into the annularcasing 25, whence they may be lcd to any desirable point by means of thepipe 26.

in the cover 27 of the cylinder t is sented an air-valve 28, whose stein2l) is :ittiiclied to the one end of the lever 3() pivoted iii` thebriiclcet .31, which is secured to the cylindercover 27.' With theotlierend olthe lever 3l) is connected a rod 32, whose lower end is held inposition by an arm 253, pivotsllvatarched to the side olf the cylinder4. The airwalve 28 is liept, on its seat by means of the spring 34,placed between the arm 33 and the, bracket 35, secured to the side ol'the cylinder 4. 'l`he lo'wcr end of the rod 32 's I)rovided with :ifriction-roller 36, contactfl ing` with a cani 257, secured to thecfimshiil`t El. rl`o the c vliiider-covei' 27 is fastened i1 pipeconnected with a blower (not shown) lui'nishii'ig air under u slightlyhigher than itt/inoslpheric pressure. lug. il shows the airwa ve 28partly opened, so that the slightly-eompressed air l'i'oni the blowercan enter the working cylinder 4 find blow the last triitces oftheproducts of the previous' combustion through the exliii ust-ports 24into i'lie annular easing 25.

in the cover Si!) oll the pump-cylinder 5 is sented ii. suction-vulve4t) und is kept to its seni, by ihe spring ftl, surrounding thevalvestenfeti, towhich is pivotally attached the one cnil oll the leve!l#15. 'lhis lever is pivoted in the lil-ticket. 44, attached to the cover3*.) :ind its tree end connected 'with a rod 45 carrying iii its lowerend u l'riction-roller fttl. ln'order to prevent the louer end ol` therod 4.? ii'oni` leaving the eiini 47, un :tiin 4S is pimtiilly connectedwith thc bi'zicket lttt on theorliider 5. itee l"i'; f. 1.7) s inziv beseen in the lust-inlined figurey the \:il\'le 4t) is keptl open untilthe piston lt) has reached its inner deuil-point, so thnt gus cnnl'i'eelv enter' the cylinder 5 through the pipe 5d. As the piston l()commences` its upstroke eui'lier t mn the piston l on :ir-count olI thecrztnl-z ll being in advance ot' the crunli .7, it lol res tiint it mustlinish its upstrolie. too` thun the piston l does, 'lo pri-vent thecoiiipfcstoii ol. the fais in the fd ein indei' 5 coiiiiniiicing'curlici [hun tliiA coniprossimi of the air in the working cylinder 4,Ithe suction-valve 4() is kept open by means ol the cam 47. ln doing so apart of the gas drawn into the cylinder 5 during the downsrolic oll thepiston l() will return into the pipe 5() at the beginning olA theupstrok'e ol the piston l0. 'lliis escape ol the gas into said pipe, inhiel, continues until the piston (S covers the 4exhaust-ports 24 on itsupstioke. As soon as the exhaust-ports are sluit otl' by the piston (ithe air-valve and the suction-valve 4() are shut o'tlI simultaneously,so thatthe compression of the gas, as well :is olt the nir, begins atthe same moment.

Between. the working cylinder 4 andthe punipuzyliiider 5 a chamber 5]for the reception ol the compressed combustibles is arranged, whichchamber has the shape of a Hat pipe and is provided with acooling-jacket 52, into which the cooling medium enters through the pipe5.5 and leuves it on the opposite end provided with any suitable mea'iisto regulate the llow ol' the cooling medium throu h the cooling-jacketchamber 5l is provided with an automatic check-valve 56, opening intothe chamber 51, whereas the other end 57 is attached to adisplacer-cylinder 5kb', communicating with the interiorof the cylinder4 by meansof the port 5t), which is made wide enough to leave a narrowopening above and below the displacerpiston (3() when the latter takesup its lowest position. By this arrangement the displacerpiston 6() isbalanced to a high degree, for which reason it can be easily started andmoved. The free end of the piston-rod 61 is connected .with a lever 62,pivot-ally secured to the bracket 63, carried bythe cylinder 4. rThefree end ofthe lever G2 is provided With a friction-roller 64, runningin a groove 65 of the cain-disk t, seated upon the cannshaft 2l, so thatthe motion of the displacer-piston (it) is always under the control ofthe grooved cam-disk 6th 'lhe working cylinder 4 is also Gthnected withthe end 55 ol` the chamber 51 by means ol the 'valve 67, whose stem 6Xis surrounded .the'cylint'ler 4 and the one end of the le'ver 7l Vwhichis pivotally secured to the cylinder ll by means ol' the bracket 72. Theother end ol' the lever 7l earries'a rictionq'oller 73, which is keptVin eontactvvith the can! 74, sented upon thecam-shaftl. rl`he val've is:ilwuli's closed during the time compression takes place in theijfli-nders 4 and 5.

During the compression loll the gas the httl ter enters the chamber 5lby raising the I check-valve 5o, bet-:inse the'compression in thecylinder 5 has :i tende-novio advance j quicker than the connprssion inthe working l cylinder ft, as there exists a t'iii' smallerclearainee-space in the cylinder 5 than in' the cylinthrough the pipe54.' These pipes may bev 'lhe end 55 of tie.

by si, spring (it), placed between the. boss 7U of senese gas is presentto keep it open. As after the i closing of the checkwalye 56 the piston6 is still advancing-the Vcontents of the cylinder 4, oi the cylinder58, and of the chamber l 'are still further compressed, during whichperiod oi compression the gas contained in i the chamber 51 will bemoved toward the end 4fier 5, l

of the latter by means of the compressed air iressed into the other endof the chamber 5l y the piston 6. A

As soon as the )iston 6 reaches its u per dead-point the relief-valve 67will be lifted oil vits seat by meansvof the cam 74. Simulwill be raisedby'mean's of the cani-disk 66, whereby the displacer-piston will closethe port 59 while moving upward, thus sevcrine; the connection betweenthe cylinder 4 and the end 57 of the chamber 5i., and simultaneouslytherewith the contents of the dis-` placeocyhnder 58 and those of .thechamber' 5l are pushed toward the cylinder 4, serving here ascombustiou-chamber. it is evident that in doing so the contents of thechamber 5l lyingnext to the valve 67 will enter the eylilioier l firstand lill thespace between the piston 6 and the cylinder-.cover 27, andas this part ci the contents of the chamber 5l is composed oi'gas thelatter can after entering the cylinder iY and mixing' with the aircontaincdthercin be ignited in any desirable or known manner, so thatthe ges willv be burned upon entering the Working cylinder 4. ,Dub ingthe time combustion takes place the piston 6 pursues Vits downstroke,and. to prevent an undue increase or decrease of pressure the rlisplaecrpiston 60 must move with a speed bearing a certain ratio to the speed ofthe. working piston 6 while pushing the gas into the working cylinder.4. Y

After .ali the has been burned the expansion oi' the products ol'combustion contained in lire cylinder l begins and continuos v/lzilc thepiston (i moves downward. tineously therewith the piston ll) is on itsdowns-woke :imi draws the necessary quan tiiy olh gjm; lor tlf Heigl.elle into the cylin hiring tino (lownstrolco of the piston.is-uiuc@opiston60, tombogins ils dow? stroke filler il. has pushed :.llthe comhu bhino the vomhustionwhambei, which in this inslunf-o if; thecylinder ll itself. The

vnlvful is nrw.' closed too. As soon as tho piston (i has passed thoexhaust-pome the l'iiinulpiston eorrespongiin to .airin the cylinder 4and cycle of operations described above can recommence.

To show at a glance the relative positions ol" the three pistons 6, 10,and 60 during the dilferent stages of the work, the crank-dia- (ramsgshown in Figs. 6, 7 8,'and 9) have Veen at ded, in which each piston isrepresented by its crank or cam, a method usually employed to ascertainthe movement of a a given angular motion of the ,crank riving it. Tosimplify matters, the parts used in the diagrams are desi Hated by thesame numbers as the parts of Lne drawings they represent. It will benoticed thatl the cam-disk 66 is shown in these ligures as being seatedupon the shaft 1. This does not, however, influence the. correctness ofthe following statements, as the cam-shaft 2l and the crank-shaft 1 notonly make Ithe same number of revolutions per minute, but also rotate inthe seme direction. i Commencing with Fig. 6,it will be seen that thecrank l1, aswell as the crank 7,1noves upward,'while the friction-roller64 rests upon the hi host part ofthe cam-disk 66. Consequcnt y thepistons 1() and 6 are on their upstroke while the displacer-piston is atrest in its lowest position, for which reason the port 59 is open, thevalves 28, 40, and 67 are lcloserhand the compression. in the cylinders4 and 5 taires place, whereby the cheek-valve 56 isltept open, so thatthe compressedgasv can enter into the .chamber 51, while the compressedair enters into the chamber 51 by way of the port 59 and displacercylinder. f in Fie. 7 the'erank 11 has reached its upper dead-point whilethe crank. 7 still ascends and the lever 62 remains in the same positionas shown in F ig. 6, which facts show that the piston 10 has reached itsupper dead-point while the piston 6 is still on its upstroke and thepiston 60 remains in the position shown in Fig'. l. After the pistonlOhas completed. its upstroke the check-valve 56 must close and thepressure in the chamber 51 must rise, since the piston 6 stillcompresses the. presses it through the port 59 into the end 57 of thechamber 51. The valve 67 is'still closed.

Fig. 8 shows that the piston l() is on its downstroko while the piston 6has reached the upper dead-point and'is ready to begin its downstroko.The displacer-pistou now begins to ascend and to `close 'the port 59.Corresponding to these positions ofthe pistons 6 and 6() the valve 67 isnow opened and the piston 6() presses the -combustibles into thc workingcylinder 4 to burn there upon entering, after which expansion takesplace. The piston l() `descends,'and thereby draws anew volume or gasinto the' cylinder 5 through the valve 4l) for the neigt charge.

lCO

tion with a pump-cylinder and a' Working cylinder of a cooled pipe-likechamber for the.

reception of the `Compressed combustible communicating alternately atthe one end with said Working cylinder and at the other end at one timewith said pump-cylinder and" at another time With said working cylinder;

a relief-valye to open into said cooled pipe-- like chamber while thecombustible is entering the latter and to close when the eonihustiblehas entered said pipe-like chamber; a displacer-piston situated at theend ol said .cooled pipe-like chamber lying opposite the -one Where saidrelief-valve 1s arranged and capable of establishing a f zon'nnuuieatienbeg tween said Working cylinder and' said pipellke chamber when in oneend position and pushingr the Acompressed combustible into the Working'cylinder while moving into ite` other end position alter having closedthe communication with the Working cylinder; and a mechanically-operatedvalve for admitting the compressed combustible into said Workingcylinder when the combustible is pushed 2 5y ley seidreplaeer-piston andarranged at the end of said cooled pipe-like cham er4 Where saidrelief-Valve is situated.

3. A combustion-engine comprisingincom-A hination a Working cylinder;apump-cylinder; a cooled pipe-like chamber for the' reception of .thecompressed coinbustibie communieating alternately at the one end withsaid Working cylinder and at the other end at one time with saidpuinp-eylinder and atY another time with said Working cylinder; aCoolingcombustiblenlet' Velve for admitting the oombustibleto saidpump-cylinder; a relief Valve admitting the compressed combustible tosaid cooled pipe-like chamber; a displacer piston admitting the.compressed air to said cooled pipe-like chamber when in one end'position and pushing the com `ressed combusinto its other end position:in the op osite direction it entered said cooled pipei e chamamechanically-operated Valve for admitting the compressed combustibletothe workin@r cylinder means for operating the last-name name to thisspecioation in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CARL WEIDBMNN.

Witnesses Hmm? QUADFLUG, l RUDOLF MLLER. i

jacket surrounding said pi e-like chamber;

ber; means for operating said dispiaoeiupiston3 tible into said Workingcylin er. While moving valve; exhaust-ports arranged in the Walls of Intestimony W ereof I have signed my

